1.语文

一年级-上册

2.数学

3.英语

一年级-下册

日语

ドラえもん

英语 自然拼读

作者：Dina Anastasio
插图：Chris Baldwin

Written by Dina Anastasio
 Illustrated by Chris Baldwin

我没明白
我没明白。这个很难。我永远也理解不了这件事。今天我已经受够了。我希望我能出去玩。给我的回答是什么？我不知道。我的大脑转得很慢。如果我只要看一眼，就能明白书中讲什么该有多好啊。妈妈说当我还是小孩子的时候，我努力要走路，但是跌倒了。后来，我去学骑车，不管我怎么努力，我都会摔倒。但是，我没有放弃。是的，坚持是很难。后来我明白了这件事。我觉得这是正确的。如果我不停地尝试，努力，有一天我会弄清楚地。

I Don’t Get It
 I don’t get it. This is rough.
 I’ll never understand this stuff.
 I’ve had enough of this today.
 I wish I could go out to play.
 What’s the answer? I don’t know.
 My brain is moving very slow.
 If only I could take one look
 And understand what’s in this book.
 My mother says when I was small
 I’d try to walk and then I’d fall.
 And later when I learned to ride
 I’d fall no matter how I tried. But I kept on. Yes, it was rough.
 In time I understood that stuff.
 I guess it’s true, I’ll get it when
I try and try and try again.

问号？？？
我写了一个关于男孩和猪的故事。
男孩不小，猪不大。我写了一句话，写的是猪睡着的时候发出吱吱的声音，而不是打呼噜的声音。猪发出吱吱声本来就是件神奇的事情。想想这件事会引发的问题。大男孩也许会问：“你为什么要吱吱叫？”“你梦见自己变成了一只鸟儿？”不过这不是我决定要写的句子。我一直在想猪晚上做的梦。于是有了下面我要写的句子：“也许当小猪梦见自己是山羊的时候，他们就会吧啦叫。”

Question Marks???
 I wrote a story about a boy and his pig.
 The boy wasn’t small.
The pig wasn’t big.
 I wrote a sentence
about the pig making cheeps
 Instead of a snore or an oink as he sleeps.
 Now a pig that makes cheeps
is a magical thing.
 Think of the questions
that cheeping pigs bring.
 “Why do you cheep?”
the big boy might say.
 “Are you dreaming that you
were a bird for one day?”
 But that’s not the sentence
I decided to write.
 I kept thinking of what little pigs
dream at night.
 So, this is the sentence
 I made up and wrote . . .
 “Perhaps small pigs baah
 when they dream they’re a goat.”

我用一个句号结束这句话。我没有用问号。这不是个问句。如果我写的是：“你是乌鸦吗？”这才是个问句。即使他会回答：“不是。”这些天我更关心的是在每句话或每个问题的结尾，我所传递的信息是什么。如果我要搜寻答案，为了学习，变得聪明，我还是用问号，要不然的话，就没人给我答复。

I ended the sentence with a period dot.
 I did not use a question mark.
 A question it was not.
 If instead I had written, “Are you a crow?”
 Now that is a question,
 even if he’d croaked “NO!”
 These days I care more
 about what’s at the end
 Of each sentence or question
 in the message I send.
 If I’m searching for answers,
 to learn and grow wise,
 I’d better use question marks,
 or I’ll get no replies.

蓝与黄
今天我学了如何调制色彩。我学会怎样来调出绿色阴影。我发现在黄颜色中加入蓝颜色会变成一种很温暖的色彩。刚开始我自己都很迷惑，为什么我会选择在装有蓝颜色的小碟子里加入黄颜料。但我突然想起，草地、豆子、橄榄、乌龟和管子都是绿色的。

Blue and Yellow
 Today I learned how a color is made.
 I learned how to mix up a lovely green shade.
 I discovered that yellow when added to blue
 Turns into a pleasant, agreeable hue.
 At first I was baffled by why I would choose
 To add yellow paint to my small pots of blues.
 But then I remembered that grasses and beans,
 And olives and turtles and hoses are green.

刚开始我只是在蓝颜料中加入一点点黄颜料。我并不确定具体要用多少。在一个小公园里，我画了一些草地，但是我画出来的草地颜色看上去有点深。于是，我转而画了一些豆子，一条蛇，长在湖边的蕨类植物。然后我加了更多的黄颜料，我想到了太阳。我搅啊搅，直到搅匀为止。碟子里的绿色现在看上去不深，是淡绿。我重新画草地，颜色渐变恰到好处。于是我认为，我发现了绿色是黄色和蓝色调和出来的。现在每当我觉得学习是件痛苦的事情的时候，我就想想能让我大脑活跃起来的那些颜色。

I started by adding bits of yellow to blues.
 I was not sure exactly how much
yellow to use.
 I was painting some grass
in a small sunny park,
 But the green in my grass
looked unusually dark.
 So I painted some beans. I painted a snake.
 I painted a fern by the side of a lake.
 Then I added more yellow
 and thought of the sun.
 I stirred and I stirred
and when I was done,
 The green in the pot wasn’t dark,
it was light.
 Then I painted my grass,
and the shade was just right.
 So I guess I have learned
it’s important and true
 That green comes from yellow
that is mixed up with blue.
 And now when I think that learning’s a pain,
 I remember those colors that lit up my brain.

新词
老师说伴随长大，我需要学习越来越多的字。他告诉我每天学会一个新字，或者，再多几个，五个，或者3个。我说：“好的，我觉得我会尝试一下。但是，你可以给我一些解释？你可以告诉我原因。学习新字的目的是什么？当我在游泳或与鸟儿对话的时候，这些能派上用途？”

New Words
 My new teacher says that in order to grow
 There are more and more words
 that I’ll need to know.
 “Learn one word each day,”
 is what he tells me.
 “Or learn several more,
 perhaps five, perhaps three.”
 I said, “Okay, I guess that I’ll try.
 But will you explain?
 Will you please tell me why?
 What is the purpose of learning new words?
 Will it help when I’m swimming
 or speaking to birds?”

怪老师说：“毫无疑问，当然有帮助。”当你和生物对话的时候，字的意义重大。当你跟鸟儿描述游泳时， 你可以这样说：“今天一条发光的海鲢沉入水中。他照亮了我的腓骨和跗骨，然后他游走了，连再见都没说。”或者你也可以打打哈欠，耸耸肩，说：“我今天去班梅盖特湾游泳了。”



“Of course! There’s no doubt!”
 said my odd little teacher.
 “Words mean a lot
 when you speak to a creature.
 When describing a swim
 to a bird you can say,
 ‘A luminous tarpon descended today.
 He brushed up my fibula
and my tarsal bone too.
 Then he slithered away
 without saying adieu.’
 Or perhaps you would rather
 just yawn, shrug, and say,
 ‘Today I went swimming in Barnegat Bay.’”

家庭作业
我昨天做了家庭作业。我完成了，然后交给老师。现在作业又来了。我觉得没必要做家庭作业，这对我有什么好的？在我23岁的时候，我乘船环游世界的时候，这对我有帮助？诶，等等，也许我要重新思考下我刚说的。当我要靠岸的时候，这也许是有帮助的。我要看得懂星空，在浓雾中航行，而不迷失方向。我要算出航行路程，记录我的航海日志。因此，如果我要环行世界的话，我还是做家庭作业吧，要不然，待在家是实现不了的。

Homework
 I did my homework yesterday.
 I finished it and then,I gave it to my teacher.
 Now here it comes again.
 I see no need for homework.
 What good is it to me?
 Will it help me sail the world
 When I’m twenty-three?
 Wait! Perhaps I should rethink
 Those words I said before.
 Homework might just help me when
I’m sailing toward the shore.
 I’ll have to understand the stars,
And navigate the fog.
 I’ll have to figure out the miles,
And write things in my log.
 So if I’m going to sail the world,
To wander and to roam,
 I’d better do my homework now,
Or I won’t make it home.

历史
每当我觉得历史无趣的时候，我都会想到奶奶经历的一次旅行。她的船碰到了大风暴，她吓得颤抖，大叫。之后一个多月她都躲在里面不出去。

History
 When I’m feeling bored
 with my history book,
 I think of the trip my
great-grandmother took.
 Her ship hit a storm.
 She shivered and cried.
 For more than a month
 she huddled inside.

最终船靠岸了。她那时才10岁。她很恐惧孤单，她又渴又冷。亲戚来把她接回家。他们给她东西吃，衣服穿，还有一把梳子。他们生了一个火堆，教她唱歌。就在那一刻，小女孩知道她的归属地。

Then at last she arrived.
 She was just ten years old.
 She was scared and alone.
 She was thirsty and cold.
 Some relatives met her
 and carried her home.
 They gave her some food,
 some clothes, and a comb.
 They lit a nice fire
 and taught her a song.
 And that’s when this girl knew
 just where she belonged.

奶奶现在年龄很大了，她还住在那个房子里。她给我讲她的故事，我认真听，直到我要回到历史书中去。在书中，了解更多其他先人旅程的经历。

She’s an old lady now,
 and she’s in that house still.
 She tells me her stories
 and I listen until
 It’s time to go back
 to my history book,
 And read about trips
 other great-grandmothers took.

So Much to Learn

A Dog's Tale

Introduction
People around the world love chocolate. They love it so much that every year
they eat more chocolate than any other sweet. If you have ever wondered where
chocolate comes from and how it’s made, then read on.

Where Chocolate Comes From
 Chocolate actually grows on trees. But you can’t just pick a chunk of chocolate
 from a tree branch and eat it. The chocolate growing on trees looks, tastes,
 and smells nothing like the chocolate you eat.
 The tree that gives us chocolate is the cacao (kah-KOW) tree. Chocolate comes
 from beans that are found in large pods on the tree. Cacao trees grow where it is
 hot and wet. Mostly, they grow near the equator. It takes four to five years before
 a cacao tree begins to grow pods.

Today, most cacao trees are grown on
 farms called plantations. Cacao trees
 have lots of small white or yellow
 flowers. Some of the flowers change into
 pods, but most do not.

The pods are shaped like little footballs.
 Workers trim the branches to get the
 most pods from the trees. The pods change 
 from green to a golden or reddish color as 
 they ripen.

Preparing the Beans
 Taking ripe pods from the cacao trees is
 the first step in making chocolate. Inside
 each pod are 20 to 50 beans. The cacao
 beans are the tree’s seeds. It takes a lot
 of beans and a lot of work to make
 chocolate. The pods are first gathered
 and then cut open with a large blade.

The beans are then scooped out of the
 open pod. The beans are cream colored
 and covered with a soft pulp. These
 beans are still very different from the
 chocolate you know.

The pulp-covered beans are put into
 piles or boxes and covered. They begin
 to change from a cream color to a 
 purple color after contact with the air. 
 The beans also change on the inside in 
 a process called fermentation.

After the beans have fermented, 
 they are dried. As they dry, 
 the beans are turned. Once the 
 beans are dry, they are placed
 in large cloth bags and shipped 
 to makers of chocolate.

From Beans to Chocolate
Making chocolate from the fermented,
dried beans is a complicated process.
First, the beans need to be cleaned. 
Then, chocolate makers blend different 
kinds of beans together. This is to 
make sure the chocolate has just the 
right flavor. The beans are roasted in 
order to bring out the chocolate flavor. 
This is when  the beans begin to smell 
like chocolate. As the beans are roasted, 
the thinshell that covers them grows 
brittle. The beans pass through a machine 
that cracks their shells and blows away 
the pieces of shell with fans.

After the shells are removed, only the
 meaty part of the bean, called the nib,
 remains. The nibs are ground up and
 crushed until they become a liquid. The
 liquid is poured into molds where it
 cools into bars of bitter, unsweetened
 chocolate. The bars are then pressed
 until a yellow liquid, called cocoa butter,
 is removed. The cocoa butter drains
 through a screen and is collected to
 make the chocolate we eat.
 After the liquid cocoa butter is removed,
 the solid part of the bar is ground into a
 powder. Cocoa powder is sent to dairies
 and bakeries to flavor baked goods and
 dairy products.

The chocolate we eat is made in the final
 step of mixing. The mixing takes place
 in machines with big rollers. Sugar,
 cocoa powder, cocoa butter, and other
 ingredients are rolled and mixed until
 smooth. The smooth mixture is poured
 into molds and cooled. After it has
 cooled and solidified, the chocolate is
 wrapped in packages for shipping.

People in Mexico and Central
 America first use chocolate.
 Christopher Columbus
 brings cacao beans back
 to Europe.
 First chocolate shop opens in
 London, England.
 First chocolate bar is sold.
 A man in Switzerland makes and
 sells the first milk chocolate.
 World consumes over
 3,000,000 metric tons
 of cacao beans.

Chocolate Today
 Most of the chocolate made in factories
 today is used to make chocolate candy.
 Other chocolate goes into ice cream,
 chocolate drinks, and baked goods such
 as cakes and doughnuts. Each year
 people around the world consume, or
 eat, tons of chocolate.

Conclusion
 It took a long time for chocolate to become popular throughout the world.
 Today, people everywhere eat lots of chocolate, making it the world’s most
 popular sweet.

All About Chocolate

Anansi and the Talking Watermelon

Introduction
 If you wanted to find a new animal species, where would you look? You
 might look in remote corners of the globe.Scientists find more than 
 15,000 animal species each year. That’s 1 percent of the more than 1.5 
 million species we know about already. At the same time, species
 are dying out at record rates around the globe. For this reason, when 
 we do stumble on a new species, it is an important discovery.

Monkey Mania
In 2007, a new species of monkey was
found in the forests ofCentral Africa. 
The lesula has large eyes and is shy
and quiet. The first onefound by 
scientists was being kept as a pet.
In 2010, scientists found the Caquetá 
titi monkey by listening to its calls. 
This monkey lives in the Amazon jungle.
The Caquetá is knownfor its bushy red 
beard. It doesn’t have a whitebar on 
its forehead as other titi monkeys do.
Its babies purr like cats. Only around 
250 Caquetá titi monkeysare alive today,
meaning the species is endangered.

Freaky, Fabulous Frogs
 The Matang narrow-mouthed frog is
 the size of a pea. It was discovered on
 the island of Borneo in 2010. It turns
 out that scientists had seen these frogs
 before. They thought the frogs were the
 young of a different species. Then, they
 heard the frogs calling. Since only adult
 frogs make calls, they realized that these
 tiny frogs must be full-grown.

A scientist discovered the long-nosed
 tree frog in 2010. This frog lives in the
 Foja Mountains of New Guinea. The area
 has been called the “Lost World.” This
 tree frog is known for its long nose. It
 is sometimes called the Pinocchio frog.
 When the male frog calls, its nose points
 up. When the frog is done calling, its
 nose falls. No one knows why.

Furry Finds
 Another find during the 2010 Foja
 Mountains trip was the blossom bat. It
 uses its long tongue to drink nectar from
 flowers.
 During a 2005 trip to Madagascar,
 researchers found Goodman’s mouse
 lemurs. Not much bigger than mice,
 these tiny lemurs jump around
 in the trees at night. During
 the daytime, they sometimes
 sleep in empty birds’ nests.

Interesting Invertebrates
 Scientists think that vertebrates—
 animals with backbones—make up only
 3 percent of all species. The remaining
 97 percent of animal species known to
 scientists are invertebrates—animals
 without backbones.
 Sazima’s tarantula has a special beauty.
 Its dark blue body almost glows. This
 fantastic arachnid has a limited habitat.
 It only lives high in the mountains of
 Brazil.

Discovered in 2013 in South America,
 this new type of planthopper looks
 strange. The wild hair isn’t hair at all.
 When an enemy attacks, the “hair”
 breaks off, and the planthopper can
 jump to safety. That’s what scientists
 think, anyway, but they aren’t sure.

Underwater Wonders
 Scientists found the Gorgon’s head starfish in 2010 in the Atlantic Ocean.
 The Gorgon’s head, a type of basket star, has five arms that split off from 
 its body. The five arms have as many as five thousand tips. The tips help it 
 find food floating by in the water. It also uses its arms to walk along the 
 ocean bottom and to protect itself.

It took until 2013 to find the walking bamboo shark. Like most sharks, it is
 no threat to humans. It lives off the coast of Indonesia. Scientists found it 
 because the colors on its back are different fromthose of other sharks. This 
 new species uses its fins to push itself along the ocean floor in search of 
 food. The wiggling movement makes it look as though the shark is walking.

Hiding in Plain View
For more than a hundred years, scientists thought the olinguito (oh-lin-GEE-toh)
was another species. In 2013, they discovered that they had been wrong.
The olinguito leaps through trees atnight. The smallest member of the
raccoon family, it can be found in South America.

In 2009, researchers found the
 Cambodian tailorbird. Tests showed
 that this tailorbird was a new species.
 Scientists also studied the bird’s song.
 While all tailorbirds sing, no two species
 sound the same. Sure enough, the song
 of the Cambodian tailorbird is different
 from all the rest.

What’s Next?
 Scientists continue to amaze us by
 finding new species. Experts agree that
 many more have yet to be found.
 Many of these newly found species are
 in danger of dying out. Finding them
 means we can help save their homes.
 Doing this can save the animals that live
 there, both those we know about and
 those we don’t know about . . . yet.

Animal Discoveries

Written by Rus Buyok 
Illustrated by Robert Squier

Annie Oakley was born in a small
Ohio town. As soon as she could lift her
daddy’s hunting rifle, he was teaching
her to shoot. When her daddy died, her
momma was left in an awful way. She
had a hard time feeding Annie and the
other children.

Annie saw how hard her momma 
was working and decided to help. She
picked up her daddy’s rifle and went
hunting. That first day, she brought
home more fat pheasants than she
could carry.

Her family never went hungry again. 
Little Annie became the best hunter 
in the county right quick. She started
selling the extra food to the people
around town and giving food to those 
who couldn’t afford it.

This went on for years until a handsome
man named Frank Butler came to town. 
He was a sharpshooter, and he put
on quite a show of shooting targets. 
At the end of his show, he asked the
crowd if they knew anyone who was
a better shot. 
The townspeople said they knew of one
person and sent someone off to fetch
Annie. When Frank saw short Annie, 
who was skinny enough to hide behind
a cornstalk, he laughed.

“Is this the best you’ve got?” Frank
asked. The townspeople said yes. Annie
just smiled. “All right, then. Since a lady
is challenging me, I’ll let her pick the
contest.” 
“Shooting cards,” Annie said proudly. 
“Are you sure?” Frank replied. “I’m the
best card shooter in the West.” 
Annie nodded and said, “We’ll be
shooting cards edgewise.”

Frank went first. A boy set up five
playing cards in little notches on a fence 
so the edges faced Frank. From where
Frank stood, they were all but invisible. 
He took a deep breath and fired. He hit
three cards: one through the middle and
the tops of two others.

Annie stepped up, a small smile on her
face. She asked the boy to set up cards 
on two fences opposite each other. 
Annie’s hands moved like lightning, 
and the gunshots were thunder. She
shot the cards in front of her clean in
half with barely a thought. Then she
pulled out a mirror and shot the cards
behind her from over her shoulder. 
Annie had won, and Frank asked her 
to marry him on the spot.

The two were hitched, and Frank
took Annie on the road. Annie started
making a name for herself as the best
shot in the West. People would toss
pennies and dimes in the air at her
shows. She was fast enough to shoot
every one before it hit the ground. 
Any coin shot by Annie Oakley would
immediately quintuple in value. Once,
a man became rich by throwing a bundle
of silver dollars in the air. Annie shot
each one before it hit the ground.

Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show was the
biggest show in the world. Bill heard of
the lady sharpshooter and had to see her
talent for himself. He took the famous
Indian Chief Sitting Bull with him to one
of Annie’s shows. 
“That was good, but not good enough
for my show,” Buffalo Bill told Annie
after her show. “Show me something
amazing.”

Sitting Bull pointed to a speck high in
the sky. Annie took aim and shot. The
speck flew on, and Buffalo Bill shook his
head and started to walk away. Sitting
Bull made him wait. A few minutes
passed, and a single tail feather from
a large eagle drifted down. There was
a bullet hole in the middle. 
Sitting Bull was so impressed that he
adopted Annie as his daughter and
named her Little Sure Shot.

Buffalo Bill nodded and said, “What else
have you got?” 
Annie climbed a nearby hill, kneeled,
aimed, and fired. Then she kept firing,
again and again, always in the same
direction. She came down the hill
smiling. 
“What were you shooting at?” Buffalo
Bill asked. 
“You’ll see,” Annie said.

Buffalo Bill and Sitting Bull said their
goodbyes and started the long journey 
back to the Wild West Show’s tents. 
They rode for almost a week before they
saw the camp next to a large boulder. 
As they came closer, Buffalo Bill saw
a message on the boulder. It was an
address carved by Annie’s bullets.

Annie Oakley

Written by John Rousselle
Illustrated by Cende Hill

One cold winter day, a dog walked
 to the edge of an icy river in Poland.
 Nobody knows for sure where the
 dog came from or what he was doing
 there. But he was about to have a big
 adventure.

Without warning, the ice that the dog
 was standing on broke away from the
 land. The dog was swept down the
 river on a sheet of ice half the size of a
 football field. The frightened dog looked
 for a way to get back to the shore, but he
 was trapped on the ice. The river was
 too cold for him to swim to safety.

Some firefighters saw the dog drifting
 down the river as he passed through
 their city. They tried to help him, but
 they couldn’t reach him. The firefighters
 could only watch as the ice carried the
 dog farther down the river.

For three days, the dog drifted down
 the river on his raft of ice. He passed
 through several more towns. At least
 one other group of people saw him and
 tried to help him. But they weren’t able
 to reach him, either.

Each day, the hungry dog grew colder,
 weaker, and more scared. His ice raft
 was slowly melting and breaking up
 into hundreds of smaller pieces. By now,
 the piece he was standing on was not
 much larger than a small bedroom. If he
 slipped off, he might become trapped
 under one of the many chunks of ice
 around him and drown.

On the fourth day, the dog passed the
 mouth of the river and was swept out
 into the Baltic Sea. He had traveled more
 than 75 miles (120 km) from where he
 began. He was moving farther away
 from land and any hope of rescue. The
 piece of ice he was standing on had
 shrunk to the size of a picnic table.

The dog was facing a deadly end to his
 adventure, but his luck was about to
 change. Some scientists and sailors
 aboard a research ship named the Baltica
 were passing through the area. They
 saw an animal moving on the ice in the
 distance and decided to investigate.

At first, the people on the ship thought
 the animal was a seal. They were
 amazed when they got closer and saw
 that the “seal” had four legs, floppy
 ears, and a tail. They had found a dog
 floating on the ice 15 miles (24 km)
 from land!

The Baltica’s sailors were able to bring
 their ship close to the dog. They lowered
 a net next to the dog, but he was too
 scared to climb into it. The dog even
 slipped and fell into the cold water
 while they were trying to help him.
 Luckily, he was able to climb back onto
 the slippery ice.

Fearing that the dog would drown, the
 crew lowered a raft. Adam, the ship’s
 mechanic, used the raft to get close
 to the dog. Adam grabbed the dog
 by the back of the neck and pulled him
 into the raft.

Once the dog was safe aboard the ship,
 the crew dried him and wrapped him in
 blankets. They rubbed him with towels
 to warm him up. At first, the dog was too
 weak to stand. He curled up and went to
 sleep on a blanket. After a good nap, the
 dog was strong enough to join the crew
 for breakfast and eat some sausages.

The crew named the dog Baltic after the
 name of the sea where they rescued him.
 Once the ship returned to port, they took
 Baltic to a veterinarian. The vet made
 sure Baltic hadn’t suffered any serious
 injuries from his icy adventure. The
 crew also searched for Baltic’s owners
 for several weeks but couldn’t find
 them. Adam, the sailor who pulled Baltic
 into the raft, decided to adopt him.

Now, Baltic is the mascot of the research
 ship that found him and travels with
 the crew everywhere. He has many fans
 around the world who learned about
 his incredible journey and rescue. The
 president of Poland even wrote a letter
 to the crew of the ship, praising them
 for saving Baltic’s life. Baltic started
 out cold, wet, and alone on the ice but
 ended up warm, dry, and surrounded
 by new friends.

Baltic Rescue

Introduction
 Every child dreams about growing up. Some 
 children know what they want to be as 
 adults. Others have no idea. Some do not 
 find a direction for their life until
 they are adults. This is the story of
 just such a child. Things happened
 in his life that made him feel. as though 
 he did not fit in. He was bothered by many
 things around him. Over time,those things
 helped him discover his path in life. He 
 developed a strong desire to improve the 
 world. That desire led him to become 
 president of the United States of America.

Growing Up
 Barack Obama Jr.—called Barry during
 his childhood—was born in 1961 in
 Hawaii. His mother was from the state of
 Kansas. His father was from the country
 of Kenya, in Africa. His parents met and
 married while they were students at the
 University of Hawaii. The marriage did
 not last. By the time Barry was four, his
 father had moved back to Kenya.

Barry’s mother married a man from
 Indonesia when Barry was six. 
 The family moved from Hawaii to
 Indonesia. Barry sometimes felt strange
 being so far from Hawaii. He felt he was
 not part of the community where he
 now lived. His parents were of different
 races and from different continents. 
 Barry wondered who he was and where
 he belonged in the world.

Barry’s mother taught him about races.
 and cultural groups. She told him about
 slavery and civil rights in the United
 States. Barry also learned about important
 African Americans who helped to improve
 the world. Barry’s mother wanted him to
 be proud of his background.
 But Barry also learned that some people
 were ashamed of the color of their skin.
 And he learned about people who thought
 others were bad just because of their skin
 color or religion. Barry was confused. It
 was a lot for a young boy to think about.

Barry lived in Indonesia for four years. 
 Then, his mother thought he could get.
 a better education in the United States. 
 So in 1971, when he was ten, she sent
 Barry back to Hawaii. He lived with his
 grandparents while he went to school.
 In Hawaii, Barry again felt like an
 outsider. He was one of only two
 African American students in his class.
 Some of his classmates made fun of his
 unusual name.

Finding His Way
 Barry graduated from high school in
 Hawaii. Then he went to college in Los
 Angeles. Barry started using his Kenyan
 name, Barack, which means “blessed.”
 He learned that he didn’t have to choose
 between his white and black backgrounds. 
 He was both.
 Barack wanted to learn how laws and
 government worked. He wanted to help
 change some of the unfair things he saw. 
 Starting in 1981, he studied politics at a
 university in New York City. In 1983, he
 graduated from the university.

Barack wanted to help people in
 communities. He wanted to involve
 people in creating better lives for
 themselves. He also wanted local laws
 changed so people would be treated
 fairly. Barack found a job and moved to
 Chicago in 1985. He led an organization
 that helped people in poor neighborhoods
 improve their lives.

Barack’s work in Chicago made him
 happy because he was helping poor
 people. But he saw that to make lasting
 changes, he would need to learn how to
 change laws. By changing unfair laws,
 communities could improve the lives.
 of their people.
 Barack entered a very good law school
 near Boston in 1988. He earned a law
 degree in 1991.

After finishing law school, Barack
 moved back to Chicago. He worked .
 for a law company. He met a lawyer
 named Michelle, and they became
 friends. Barack invited her along when
 he visited some of the people he had
 helped in the 1980s. Michelle was
 moved by Barack’s desire to help
 people and improve the world. .
 Barack and Michelle married in 1992.

Getting into Politics
 Barack had become a lawyer to help
 people. But he soon saw that helping
 people as a lawyer was slow. He decided
 that entering politics and changing laws
 would be a faster way to help.
 In 1996, he won a seat in his state’s senate. 
 In 2004, he won a seat in the U.S. Senate.

Barack gave a hopeful speech at a
 meeting of the Democratic Party in 2004. 
 He asked all Americans to work together
 to help the United States become an even
 greater country. Barack’s words inspired
 many people. Some of them wanted
 Barack to run for president in 2008. They
 were inspired by Barack’s clear thinking
 and his respect for all people. They
 wanted a president who believed in
 peaceful ways to solve problems.

Conclusion
 Barack began his job as president on
 January 20, 2009. He, his wife, and their
 two daughters moved into the White
 House. In October 2009, President
 Obama won the Nobel Peace Prize for
 helping to make the world a better place.

Barack Obama

Big Movers
 Have you ever seen a monster truck?
 Monster trucks have big wheels and
 can drive over almost anything. As big
 as monster trucks are, some vehicles
 are even bigger.

Vehicles That Move Things and People
 The Duck
 The “Duck” is a truck that can travel on
 both land and water. On land, the Duck
 travels on six wheels. In water, the Duck
 uses a propeller. The Duck can carry
 people and supplies to places that
 are hard to reach. Rescue workers
 sometimes use this truck to pick up
 people caught in storms. You can even
 ride a Duck for fun in some places.

Vehicle Bridge
 This amazing machine is both a vehicle
 and a bridge. The vehicle bridge is used
 in places where there are no roads or
 bridges. The vehicle moves the bridge
 into place. Then the bridge moves up
 and over the gap. Other vehicles can
 then drive across. When the bridge is
 no longer needed, it folds up onto the
 vehicle.

Cranes
 Cranes lift and move heavy objects from
 one place to another. These machines
 help workers build buildings and load
 and unload cargo. Some of the world’s
 largest cranes move containers from
 ships to land. Others are used to lift
 supplies to the tops of buildings.

Dump Trucks
 The world’s biggest dump trucks are
 found at mines. Miners use these trucks
 to haul loads of rocks and dirt. Some
 trucks can move up to 400 tons of soil.
 Because they carry such heavy loads,
 they use some of the biggest tires in the
 world. Their tires are over 13 feet (4 m)
 tall—twice as tall as a person.

Overland Trains
 These giant trains were built to haul
 loads to remote places without roads.
 The trains travel on huge wheels
 instead of on train tracks. Each wheel is
 about 10 feet (3 m) high and has its own
 motor. The longest overland train was
 almost 600 feet (183 m) long and pulled
 twelve cars. The lead car held six
 people, beds, and a kitchen.

Moving Space Vehicles
 Some of the world’s biggest vehicles
 were made to move spacecraft. They
 carry rockets, space shuttles, and other
 vehicles on a platform two stories high.
 These vehicles are so wide that they
 need their own road. Computers and a
 team of thirty people help these huge
 machines move.

Vehicles That Dig
 Giant Power Shovels
 Miners use giant power shovels to dig
 loads of rocks and dirt out of a mine.
 These shovels have a big bucket that
 can break into the earth and scoop it up.
 Power shovels can be as tall as a 
 sixteenstory
building.

Tunnel Diggers
 These machines dig tunnels under the
 earth. Tunneling machines can even
 move through solid rock. They use a
 drill to dig through the ground. These
 machines dug three tunnels under the
 ocean between England and France.
 The tunnels are big enough for large
 trains to pass through.

Bagger 288
 The largest vehicle in the world is the
 Bagger 288. This enormous machine is
 used for digging in mines. The Bagger is
 705 feet (215 m) long—almost as long as
 two football fields.

The Bagger digs using a gigantic wheel.
 The wheel has buckets along its edge
 that scoop up dirt as the wheel turns.
 The Bagger 288 is big enough to move
 mountains.

Big Vehicles
 Huge vehicles are used in many ways.
 These amazing vehicles move heavy
 loads and travel both above and below
 the ground.
 Gigantic vehicles have gotten much
 bigger over the years. It looks as though
 they will keep getting bigger and bigger.
 How big are they going to get?

Do You Know?
 People have built enormous vehicles since ancient times. 
 The Helepolis (heh–LEH-puh-lis) was a huge tower built on wheels. 
 It was used in battles in ancient Greece. The Helepolis
 was so heavy that more than 3,000 men were needed to move it.

Bigger Than a Monster Truck

Bugs: Yuck or Yum?
 Years ago, Japanese restaurants in the United States 
 introduced people to sushi (SOO-shee). These dishes, 
 made of rice and raw seafood, made many people think yuck. 
 Today, sushi is sold all over the country—even in supermarkets.

Another kind of food is now starting to show up in the 
 United States—insects. While the thought of 
 eating bugs makes some people uncomfortable, 
 others are starting to give insects a try. Maybe 
 someday we’ll see fried grasshoppers on our shelves!

Good-For-You Foods
 People all around the world have been
 eating insects for thousands of years—
 and with good reason.
 Many insects are good for people’s
 health. In some parts of the world,
 people don’t have many different kinds
 of foods. It may be difficult for them
 to get the nutrients they need.

Insects have large amounts of protein.
 For example, 100 grams of grasshopper
 has around 20 grams of protein and
 only 6 grams of fat. That’s only 6 grams
 of protein less than the same amount
 of beef.
 Termites and some caterpillars are also
 great sources of iron, and crickets are
 high in calcium. Other insects, such
 as termite and ant queens, have large
 amounts of healthy calories. People in
 some places may need these calories and
 nutrients to survive.

Eating insects is also good for the planet.
 A large insect farm creates about ten
 times less harmful waste than a cattle
 ranch. It also takes up a much smaller
 amount of space. Although people 
 eat insects in many places, it is still
 not very common. However, it is
 more common in these places
 than in the United States.

Would You Rather?
 Would you rather eat an
 insect or a lobster for dinner?
 How about after you find out
 that insects and lobsters are
 related? Insects, lobsters, crabs,
 spiders, scorpions, and many
 other animals are all arthropods.
 These animals all have their
 skeletons on the outside of
 their bodies.

Bugs Served Around the World
 Thailand
 In Thailand, some outdoor stands sell
 crispy, fried water bugs. People add
 sauce just as we might put mustard or
 ketchup on a hot dog. Other people snack
 on grasshoppers and bamboo worms.
 China
 Water bugs boiled in a special sauce can
 be found in some restaurants in China.
 The bugs and sauce are served over
 rice. When the weather gets chilly, some
 people have a steaming bowl of ant soup.

Ghana
 Some people fry or
 roast termites in
 Ghana. Termites can
 also be ground into
 flour for baking.

Snail Snacks
 Other strange creatures
 are eaten around the world. In
 French restaurants, you might
 find an interesting item on
 the menu—snails. The dish is
 called escargot (es-car-GO), the
 French word for “snail.” The
 snails are taken out of their
 shells, cooked, and placed back
 inside the shells. Diners use
 special tools to hold a shell
 and pull out the snail meat.

Brazil
 One town in Brazil cooks queen ants
 every October and November. This is
 when queen ants come out from hiding
 underground. People collect the ants and
 remove their wings. Some fry the ants,
 while others dip them in chocolate. The
 people say queen ants have a minty taste.

Mexico
 In Mexico, some
 people enjoy Frenchfried
 caterpillars or ant
 eggs covered in butter.
 For dessert, chocolatecovered
 locusts or candy-covered 
 worms are sweet treats.

Australia
 Some Australians munch on
 witchetty grubs, which look
 like large white caterpillars.
 These insects have crisp skin
 and a smooth filling that
 tastes like almonds.
 Japan
 Some restaurants in
 Japan serve fried silk moth
 cocoons. Fried grasshoppers
 and other insects are sold in
 some stores.

Be Careful!
 It’s very important to remember the
 following: Never eat wild insects! Walking
 into your backyard for a buggy snack
 can be dangerous. Insects that live
 outside can be covered with stuff that
 might harm you if you eat it. Also, some
 kinds of insects are poisonous and can
 make you very sick.

People who cook and eat insects should
 be careful to buy them from farms.
 Farmed insects have special diets. Also,
 farmers make sure the insects are not
 exposed to things that might harm people.
 In the United States, the best way to find
 edible insects is on the Internet. People
 can find live insects, meals made with
 insects, and tasty insect recipes.

Let’s Start Cooking!
 David George Gordon, a chef from Seattle, Washington, 
 wrote the Eat-ABug Cookbook. People like his pasta with
 six-legged meatballs, which are made with crickets. 
 Other favorites are fried tarantula and white chocolate 
 and waxworm cookies.

Gordon believes that eating insects is a better way to 
 get protein than eating chicken, cows, or pigs. 
 Insects are cheap and easy to farm in plain fish tanks.
 They do not harm the environment. For these reasons, 
 insects may be the food of the future. 
 Can you “swallow” the idea?

Edible Bugs

Born a Slave
 George Washington Carver was born in Missouri in 1864, during the Civil War.

George was born a slave, but when the
 Civil War ended, he and his older
 brother, Jim, were freed. Moses and
 Susan Carver, the couple who had
 owned them, gave the orphaned boys a
 home. Jim helped Mosesin the fields, 
 but George was often sick and stayed 
 at home to help Susan. She taught him
 to read, write, and sew.What George 
 liked best, though, was to garden
 and explore nature.

Learning on His Own
 George taught himself about plants and
 animals. He wanted to go to school to
 learn even more, but many schools at
 that time were segregated. This meant
 that white and black students could
 not go to the same school. Since the
 nearby school did not allow black
 students, George left home for another
 school when he was twelve. He lived
 with the Watkins family and worked
 for his meals and room. At thirteen, he
 moved to Kansas.

When George graduated from high
 school, he earned a scholarship to go to
 a Kansas college. When George arrived
 at the college, however, the school
 turned him away because he was black.
 George was unhappy, but he did not
 give up learning. He farmed and taught
 himself to paint. His friends told him
 to try a different college. He went to
 Simpson College in Iowa to study art.
 This time, the college let him stay.

Making a Difference
 George liked Simpson College, but 
 he wanted to help others more. He 
 decided to study agriculture—the 
 science of farming—at another 
 college in Iowa. He was the 
 school’s first black graduate. He 
 later became the school’s first 
 black professor.

Professor Carver went to Alabama in
 1896 to help the farmers there. These
 farmers had a big problem. Each year
 their crop was smaller, and the farmers
 were poorer.
 Carver quickly realized that years of
 growing cotton had worn out the soil.
 The farmers barely made enough money
 to buy food, so they had no money to
 buy fertilizer that would help the plants.

Professor Carver taught the farmers
 that dead leaves and swamp muck could
 be added to the soil as free fertilizer.
 Planting sweet potatoes, peas, or
 peanuts in the fields after the cotton was
 picked also helped the soil. These crops
 put important nutrients back in the soil
 after they were used up by cotton plants.
 Carver sent out information about how
 to grow and cook these crops. By eating
 them, farmers spent less money buying
 food from stores.

Farmers also needed a way to sell 
 the new crops, so Professor Carver 
 became an inventor. He invented 
 more than a hundred ways to use 
 sweet potatoes and three hundred 
 ways to use peanuts!

Carver invented up to 300 uses for the
 peanut:pavement,grease,medicines,peanut
 coffee,peanut mayonnaise,peanut flour,
 peanut milk,shoe polish,bleach,sandpaper,
 and more.Contrary to popular belief,however,
 he did not create peanut butter.A Native
 American tribe is known to have eaten a paste
 made from peanuts more than 500 years ago.
 It wasn't as creamy as the tasty goo we eat today,though.

Ideas Are Free
 By 1921, people were listening to
 Carver’s ideas. He was asked to
 speak before the U.S. Congress—the
 country’s lawmakers. Some members of
 Congress laughed and made fun of him.
 He had been given ten minutes to talk,
 though, and he made the most of them.

Carver talked about all the things that
 could be made with the tiny peanut.
 The men fell silent. When Carver’s ten
 minutes were up, they gave him more
 time. In the end, they passed a law to
 help U.S. peanut farmers.
 Over the years, Carver became as
 famous as many rock stars are today.
 Crowds gathered to hear him speak. He
 turned down jobs and money because
 he thought helping people was more
 important. He believed that ideas were
 free and should be freely given.

A Lasting Message
 George Washington Carver believed
 that people should treat each other 
 with respect. He won the respect of 
 a nation at a time when few black 
 people got much respect at all.
 Carver also believed that people 
 should respect and care for the 
 Earth. If they did, nature would 
 provide the things they needed. 
 Many years later, we are discovering 
 that he was right.

George Washington Carver

Giant Pumpkins
 Have you ever seen a giant pumpkin—
 one so big it would not fit in a car?
 People all over the world have taken up
 the hobby of growing giant pumpkins.
 Growers compete against one another,
 hoping to break the record for the
 world’s biggest pumpkin. In 2013, Tim
 Mathison from Napa, California, won
 the title with a pumpkin that weighed
 2,032 pounds (922 kg). That’s how much
 a walrus or a small car weighs! The
 gigantic squash measured more than
 17 feet (5.2 m) around.

World’s Biggest Pumpkin
 Tim grew three giant pumpkins over
 six months in 2013. His pumpkins set
 world records for the first-, third-, and
 fourth-largest pumpkins ever grown.
 At fifty-seven years old, Tim has won
 more than $50,000 in prizes for his
 pumpkins. He showed his recordbreaking
 pumpkin to the world
 on a national television show.
 Tim’s daughter, Tara, cannot walk or talk
 because of a rare medical problem. Tara
 joined her dad in the pumpkin patch
 every evening.
 “She is my inspiration,” Tim said. “I 
 took her out to the patch every night 
 for two hours, and she’d be smiling.”

Tim started growing giant pumpkins
 seven years ago. They have gotten bigger
 every year. He said using the best seeds,
 soil, and plant food is his secret.
 He is now sharing the seeds from his
 prize-winning pumpkins with growers
 all over the world.
 He hopes kids will grow their own giant
 pumpkins. “It’s amazing to watch the
 pumpkins grow. Some days they put
 on 53 pounds (24 kg). It’s a lot of fun.”

Growing a Winner
 According to Tim, anyone can grow
 giant pumpkins if they understand what
 pumpkins need.
 Pumpkin growers make sure their soil
 is rich with nutrients. They use compost
 and other organic matter in the soil. Rich
 soil helps pumpkins grow quickly.
 Growers use seeds that are known to
 produce giant pumpkins. They plant
 them indoors in the spring, often in
 April. The plants can be hurt by cold
 or heat, so they must be protected.

Tim used heaters to give his pumpkins
 a “head start” in the spring of 2013. Once
 it was warmer, the plants were moved to
 a sunny spot in the garden and carefully
 watered and fertilized.
 Growers prune the plants—or cut away
 extra vines—at least every other day.
 When flowers appear, they are pollinated,
 and the pumpkins start to grow.
 The best pumpkins grow on strong,
 healthy vines. Growers are careful not to
 use too much plant food. Pumpkins can
 Tim’s work on his pumpkin patch starts with 
 preparing the soil. grow too big and burst.

When they are the size of softballs, all
 but the best pumpkins are cut off the
 vine. As a result, the plant food reaches
 the most perfect pumpkins.
 Tim spent two hours every morning
 working in his pumpkin patch. After
 he came home from work, he spent two
 more hours in the garden every evening.
 He fertilized, pruned, and cared for his
 four pumpkin plants all summer and
 into the fall.

There Can Be Only One!
 In October, growers with the biggest
 pumpkins meet at weigh-offs around
 the world. It is an exciting time as
 growers wait to see who has the biggest
 pumpkin. For winners, the long months
 of planning, planting, pruning, watering,
 and care pay off. Their giant pumpkins
 are some of the biggest in the world!

Growers use forklifts and trucks 
 totransport their pumpkins to 
 weigh-offs.They carefully use 
 ropes, straps, and chains to move 
 their pumpkins. At weigh-offs, 
 pumpkins are weighed on giant 
 scales to see which is biggest.
 After the contests are over, 
 growers havecreative—and 
 delicious—ways of usingtheir 
 pumpkins.

Pumpkin Boats
 Some growers in countries around the
 world hollow out their giant pumpkins
 and turn them into boats. People use
 >paddles to race the boats. Sometimes
 they wear costumes during the races.
 A man in the United Kingdom set a new
 speed world record in 2013. He paddled
 a hollowed-out giant pumpkin 100
 meters—about the length of a football
 field—in two minutes.

Gigantic Jack-o’-Lanterns
 Giant pumpkins can be carved into silly or scary jack-o’-lanterns. Some carvers
 use power tools to create works of art.

Giant Pumpkin Pie!
 Some giant pumpkins are used to make huge pies. Growers of giant pumpkins
 in Ohio baked a pie that was named the world’s largest in 2010. It was 20 feet
 (6.1 m) wide and weighed 3,699 pounds(1,678 kg). That’s a lot of pumpkin pie!

Growing giant pumpkins can be 
 a fun way to spend time in the 
 garden. Maybesomeday you will 
 grow the world’s biggest 
 pumpkin in your backyard!

Giant Pumpkins

Land mines are a serious problem
 in Mozambique (moh-zam-BEEK),
 a country on the continent of Africa.
 These weapons are buried underground
 and are set to blow up when people
 step on them. Land mines were used
 during almost thirty years of wars in
 Mozambique. The wars ended many
 years ago, but millions of land mines
 were left behind. Every year, thousands
 of people in Africa are hurt or killed by
 the remaining land mines. Huge areas
 of land cannot be used because of these
 dangerous, hidden weapons.

Some unlikely heroes are helping to
 solve the problem—rats! Bart Weetjens,
 an engineer from Belgium, came up
 with the idea. Since childhood, Bart
 has loved all kinds of rodents—rats,
 mice, hamsters, gerbils, and squirrels.
 Rats have a very keen sense of smell.
 Bart realized that rats could use their
 powerful noses to find land mines so
 humans could safely remove them.

Dogs have been trained to sniff out land
 mines for many years. Bart figured out
 that rats would be cheaper and easier to
 train than dogs. At first, people thought
 his idea was crazy, but Bart didn’t give
 up. He quit his job and began training
 his favorite animals as part of a program
 he calls HeroRATs.

Castro is one HeroRAT who is coming
 to the rescue in Mozambique. He uses
 his cute, twitchy nose to find land
 mines. When he is at work, Castro races
 across a field, sniffing every inch of dirt.
 When he smells a land mine, Castro
 scratches at the ground to alert his
 human partner. For his hard work,
 Castro receives a yummy treat of
 bananas and peanuts and a scratch
 on the head.

Castro is a specially trained African
 giant pouched rat. These rats are
 common in many areas in the southern
 half of Africa. The rats are unusually
 large—about three feet long from their
 nose to the tip of their tail. They weigh
 about three pounds (1.36 kg).

Castro and other HeroRATs are trained
 in a special school where they learn to
 use their noses to find land mines. First,
 trainers get the rats used to the human
 world. They let them listen to music and
 run around the office. The rats go for
 rides in trucks so they can get used to
 the sounds of engines.

During training, HeroRATs are
 introduced to the smells of dozens of
 different explosives used in land mines.
 When they smell one of these explosives,
 they hear a click and get a food reward.
 This is called clicker training.

The rats are taught to give a signal
 when they detect the smell of a land
 mine. They make the signal by freezing
 in place for several seconds or by
 scratching the ground. When they
 correctly signal that they’ve detected a
 land mine, they get a special treat. This
 reward of mashed bananas and peanuts
 makes them eager to do their work.

Next, the rats are taught to walk on aleash. The leash can be attached to a
 rope to guide the rats as they move backand forth across a field. The rats are 
 also taught to walk on a leash at the end of a long pole. Handlers use the pole 
 when clearing areas with many trees and boulders or on paths that twist and turn.

After a total of nine months of training,
 the rats have to pass several tests. For
 each test, the rats must find every mine
 hidden in a large field. During these
 tests, even their human partners don’t
 know where the practice land mines
 are. Once the rats pass the tests, they 
 are ready to start finding real land 
 mines with their handlers.

Rats can safely walk on ground where there are land mines because they weigh
 much less than humans. They are too light to set off the weapons. No HeroRAT
 has ever been killed by a land mine. The rats work quickly, inspecting an
 entire field in an hour. When a HeroRAT finds a land mine, humans carefully
 remove it. Once the rats’ work is done and the land mines are removed, 
 fields are safe. The land can be used for farming or building.Children can 
 play there without fear.

Do You Know?
 Some HeroRATs are trained to smell out disease.
 Tuberculosis (too-BUR-kyew-LOH-sis) is a deadly
 disease that affects millions of people around the
 world.
 It takes a scientist with a microscope an entire
 day to test forty people for tuberculosis. HeroRATs can
 check forty samples in seven minutes.
 If tuberculosis is found early in a patient, it can be
 cured.These rats are lifesavers!

Mozambique is not the only country
 working hard to get rid of land mines.
 These weapons are a problem in many
 places around the world. Other countries
 in Africa and Asia are also using
 HeroRATs to help remove land mines.

So far, HeroRATs have located more than
 1,800 land mines. They have cleared
 more than 3.3 million square yards
 (2.8 million square meters) of land. That’s
 an area the size of 628 football fields!
 People who work with HeroRATs are
 proud to help make their countries safe.
 These special rats are saving lives and
 are true heroes.

HeroRATs: Rats Who Save Lives

Irma's Sandwich Shop

The Watcher
 Jane Goodall was born in England in
 1934. As a child, she liked to learn about
 animals and watch how they behaved.
 Jane loved to read colorful stories about
 wild animals that lived in Africa. She
 even dreamed about living there. Jane
 was sure that, one day, she wanted to
 work with animals and write stories
 about them.

Off to Africa
 At age eighteen, Jane graduated from
 high school and became a secretary. She
 wondered how being a secretary would
 get her to Africa, but she kept working.
 By 1957, Jane had saved enough money
 to take a trip to Kenya, in eastern Africa.
 Within months, she met a famous
 scientist named Dr. Louis Leakey.
 Dr. Leakey was studying how apes and
 humans were alike and different.

At the time, Dr. Leakey needed a new
 assistant. Even though Jane had no
 scientific training, he hired her for the
 job. She learned fast and loved the work.
 One day, Leakey talked about starting
 a special field study of chimpanzees.
 In a field study, scientists live near the
 animal they want to learn about.
 For this special study, Dr. Leakey
 needed someone who was patient and
 curious. The person would have to feel
 comfortable living in the forest among
 the chimps. He asked Jane. For young
 Jane Goodall, it was a dream come true.

Into the Forest
 Goodall was twenty-six years old in
 1960. That year, she went to the Gombe
 Forest, in Tanzania, Africa, where the
 chimpanzees lived. At Gombe, Jane
 sat quietly on a hill, watching the
 chimpanzees all day, every day—even
 in the rain.
 Goodall took organized notes. She
 noticed that the chimps always stayed in
 family groups. So she gave each chimp
 in each family group a name that began
 with the same letter of the alphabet.

The Gombe Gang
 For a long time, the chimps were afraid
 of her. Then a curious older chimp that
 Goodall had named David Greybeard
 came to her camp in search of food.
 She hid a banana under her shirt and
 let him find it. As his trust in her grew,
 he led Jane into the forest to meet his
 family. The chimp family let her sit and
 watch them on a daily basis. Her reports
 about her early observations of the
 family group upset many long-held
 scientific beliefs about chimps.

The Woman Who Named Things
 Some scientists doubted
 Goodall’s findings. They
 didn’t believe that chimps
 had feelings or intelligence.
 They certainly didn’t think
 a serious scientist should
 give personal names to the
 animals she studied.

At the time, people believed that chimps
 ate only plants. Goodall saw David
 Greybeard’s family eat meat. Later, 
 she saw him poke a stick into a termite
 mound. He pulled it out—and ate a 
 termite snack. Goodall realized two 
 things. David had used a tool to 
 get food. What’s more, he had first 
 stripped the leaves off the stick 
 so it would fit in the small hole. So
 he had also made a tool. Her shocking
 report caused scientific debate. It also
 won her important support and funding.

Thanks to David Greybeard, the other
 chimps also came to trust Goodall. She
 was able to watch complete life cycles—
 from birth to death. She saw and
 reported behavior that no researcher
 had ever observed before.

Goodall stated that each chimp had its
 own personality, just like humans. She
 found that chimps showed a whole range
 of emotions. They were happy, sad,
 angry, loving, and jealous. She saw them
 hold hands, laugh, and throw tantrums.
 Over many years, Goodall’s discoveries
 and reports gave the world new ideas
 about chimpanzees. Her work made
 many scientists reconsider what makes
 humans different from other animals.

Trouble in the Forest
 In time, Goodall began to see a dark
 future for her Gombe chimpanzees. The
 chimps’ home forests were being cut
 down. The chimps were being hunted
 for food. Hunters were also shooting
 mother chimps and stealing their babies.
 The babies were then sold to zoos and
 circuses, and even as pets. Most grownup
 chimps don’t make good house pets.
 Many former pets were being sold to
 labs for research experiments.

Goodall realized that if these practices
 continued, the Gombe chimpanzees
 were in danger of dying out completely.
 She decided that she would have to
 leave Gombe and her chimps in order
 to save them.
 Goodall began to travel the world. She
 talked with important groups about her
 work. She asked for help to save both
 the chimps and the forests they need in
 order to survive.

Jane Goodall Today
 Young Jane Goodall once left behind
 everything she knew to live among and
 learn about another species. More than
 fifty years have passed since she first
 went to the Gombe Forest. She still
 works hard to preserve it and the
 chimps that live there.
 When she can, she returns home to
 Gombe. She walks into the forest,
 sits down quietly—and smiles as she
 watches the chimpanzees.

Jane Goodall Programs
 In 1977, Jane Goodall began the Jane Goodall
 Institute
 The Jane Goodall Institute gives money to scientists
 who study chimps in the wild. It also teaches people
 living near wild places how to help protect the 
 wildlife in their area.
 In 1991, Goodall began the Roots & Shoots program
 The Roots & Shoots program began in Tanzania with
 just twelve local teens. Today, it operates 
 in more than 120 countries and has thousands of 
 members. The main goal of Roots & Shoots is to 
 educate young people about problems that exist 
 right around them.
 To learn more, go to: www.rootsandshoots.org 
 and www.janegoodall.org

Jane Goodall

Written and Photographed
 by Milo Pear

Each morning Jenny begins her 
 day by practicing yoga. Yoga 
 is an exercise that helps Jenny 
 to grow strong and flexible. 
 To practice yoga, Jenny moves 
 her arms, legs, head, and chest 
 into different positions called 
 poses. Jenny holds the poses while 
 she smiles. She breathes in
 and out slowly through her nose.

Jenny wakes up very early 
 and puts on her yoga clothes. 
 Loose or stretchy shorts and 
 a T-shirt work well. She rolls
 out a long, thin piece of 
 rubber called a “sticky mat.” 
 The mat helps keep Jenny from 
 slipping while she is moving 
 from one pose to another.

Jenny begins by standing 
 very straight at the front 
 of her mat. She places her
 palms together over her heart. 
 She closes her eyes and 
 listens to the sound of her 
 breath. This pose is called
 Mountain Pose. Jenny stands 
 very still for several minutes. 
 She is practicing being as 
 strong and quiet as a mountain.

Many yoga students around the 
 world begin their day at dawn. 
 As the sun rises, they practice 
 the Sun Salutations. A salutation 
 is a greeting, or a way of saying 
 “hello.” The Sun Salutations are
 a series of poses linked together.
 With each breath, Jenny moves from 
 one pose to the next. To begin the 
 Sun Salutation, Jenny breathes in 
 through her nose. She reaches up, 
 stretching her fingertips to the sky.

As she breathes out, 
 she bends at her waist. 
 She folds forward, 
 reaching toward her toes. 
 Then, breathing in, she 
 lifts her chin. She walks 
 her feet back as she 
 lowers her body to the
 floor with her arms.

Breathing in, she begins 
 to straighten her arms. 
 She lifts up her chest 
 and head as she presses 
 her hands into the ground. 
 She leans her head back. 
 This pose is named after 
 a kind of snake called a 
 cobra. A cobra snake lifts 
 its head up and back to scare 
 away an enemy. Jenny makes 
 sure to continue breathing 
 while she holds the pose.

Then Jenny pushes back into 
 a pose called Downward Dog. 
 This pose looks similar to 
 the way a dog stretches after
 a nap. Her hands and feet 
 press into the floor as she 
 begins to straighten her legs.
 After a few breaths she bends 
 her knees and hops forward. 
 Breathing out, Jenny
 folds over her legs again.

Breathing in, she lifts up 
 her hands and chest to the
 sky. Breathing out, she 
 lowers her arms back into 
 Mountain Pose. Jenny moves 
 through five sets of the
 Sun Salutations. This 
 series of poses warms up 
 the muscles of the legs and 
 the back. These poses 
 also strengthen the arms.

江家小朋友的学习园地