1.语文

一年级-上册

2.数学

3.英语

一年级-下册

日语

ドラえもん

英语 自然拼读

作者：Keith and Sarah Kortemartin
插图：Chris Baldwin

Written by Keith and Sarah Kortemartin
 Illustrated by Chris Baldwin

利奥踮起脚尖,望着
社区活动中心里排着队的人们。
“所有的这些人在做什么？”
他问他的妈妈。
“他们来这里投票，像我们一样，”他妈妈说。
“他们都来
帮助选出下一个总统吗？”利奥问。
“总统
和政府里的其他人，”
他爸爸说。


Leo stood on tiptoe, 
 looking at the line of people 
 inside the community center.
 “What are all these people doing?”
 he asked his mom.
 “They’re here to vote, like us,” said his mom.
 “They’re all going to 
 help pick the next president?” asked Leo.
 “The president and the other people 
 in the government,” said his dad.

利奥和他的父母排队等候着。
当他们向前靠近的时候，
利奥看见几个人在填表格。“他们在投票吗?”他问他的父母。
“不是，”他的妈妈说。“那个表格是给选民登记的。投票之前，你必须注册。

Leo and his parents waited in line.
 As they moved closer to the front,
 Leo saw several people writing at a table. 
 “Are they voting?” he asked his parents.
 “Not yet,” said his mom. 
 “That table is for voter registration.
 You have to register before you can vote.

“酷，”利奥说。“我希望我也能投票。”
“对不起，利奥，”妈妈说：
“你还不能投票。 你不得不等到十八岁。”
“我知道，”利奥说。“这是不公平的。”
“投票要负很大的责任，”爸爸说。
“这就是为什么只有成年人可以投票的原因。”

“Cool,” said Leo. 
 “I wish I could vote, too.”
 “Sorry, Leo,” said Mom.
 “You can’t vote yet.
 You’ll have to wait 
 until you’re eighteen.”
 “I know,” said Leo. 
 “It’s not fair.”
 “Voting is a big responsibility,” 
 said Dad. 
 “That’s why only adults can vote.”

他们到了队伍的最前面。
利奥的父母走进小亭子里。
在他等待他们的时候，利奥想，
我还是想要投票。


They reached the front of the line.
 Leo’s parents went into the booths.
 As he waited for them, Leo thought,
 I still want to vote.

当他们离开的时候，利奥看到一群放学的孩子，
站在外面的另一排小亭子旁。
“这是做什么的？”利奥问他同学比利。
“我们在投票，”比利说。


When they left,
 Leo saw some kids from school
 standing by another 
 row of booths outside.
 “What’s this for?”
 Leo asked his classmate Billy.
 “We’re voting,” said Billy.

“我们不是需要一直等着，
直到十八岁吗？”利奥问。
“这是一次选举演习，”比利解释说：
“遍布全国的孩子们都在投票，
就像成年人一样。
你想要来排队注册吗？
然后你就也可以投票了。”

“Don’t we have to wait
 until we’re eighteen?” asked Leo.
 “It’s a practice election,” Billy explained.
 “Kids all over the country are voting,
 just like the adults.
 Do you want to get in line and register?
 Then you can vote, too.”

“我可以投票吗，妈妈？”利奥问。
“当然，利奥，”他的妈妈说。
利奥走到他的朋友玛丽旁边，排进队伍。
“你要投票给谁?”利奥问。
“我不会说的。投票是一个秘密。”玛丽说。
“那就是为什么小亭子周围有窗帘的原因。”


“Can I vote, Mom?” Leo asked. 
 “Sure, Leo,” his mom said.
 Leo got in line next to his friend Mary.
 “Who are you going to vote for?” asked Leo.
 “I’m not going to say. 
 Voting is a secret,” said Mary. 
 “That’s why there are curtains 
 around the booths.”

利奥思考着。
他想起了自己听说过的关于候选人的事。
在登记表中，
利奥写下了他的名字，年级，和地址。
他觉得他是成年人，
当他在卡片底部签了他的名字的时候。


Leo thought about this. 
 He remembered
 what he had learned about the candidates.
 At the registration table, 
 Leo wrote down his name, grade, and address.
 He felt grown-up 
 as he signed his name at the bottom of the card.

在投票亭里，
有一张放着电脑的桌子。
在屏幕上，利奥看见一个名单。
有总统候选人
和其他的政府官员的候选人。
利奥想了想所有的候选人。
然后他开始投票。
他点击着他的每一个选项旁边的屏幕按钮。

Inside the voting booth was 
 a table with a computer on it.
 On the screen, 
 Leo saw a list of names.
 There were candidates 
 for president and other 
 government officials. Leo thought 
 about all the candidates.
 Then he began to vote. 
 He touched the screen 
 next to each of his choices.

当他走出小亭子的时候，
他拿到了一个“我投票了”的贴纸。
它看起来就像他父母贴着的贴纸一样。
在小亭子边上的人还
给了利奥一张卡片，上面有一个网站的名字。
“你可以上网，
去看选举的结果，”男人说。

When he came out of the booth,
 he got an “I Voted” sticker. 
 It looked just like 
 the sticker his parents wore.
 The man at the booth also
 gave Leo the name of 
 a website on a card.
 “You can look online
 to see the election results,” the man said.

利奥回到他的父母身边。
“我不知道孩子们是否会
跟大人们选择一样的人，”他说。
“我们很快就会知道的，”利奥的妈妈说。
“让我们回家去看看这个网站。”

Leo went back to his parents.
 “I wonder if the kids 
 will choosethe same person 
 as the adults,” he said.
 “We’ll find out soon,” said Leo’s mom.
 “Let’s go home and check out the website.”

你爸爸和我已经注册了，所以，当轮到我们的时候，我们可以直接去那些小亭子。”
她指着一排周围有窗帘的小亭子。
“然后会发生什么呢？”利奥问。“亭子里有一台电脑，”爸爸说。
“电脑将会记录我们的选票。”


Your dad and I registered already,
 so when it’s our turn,
 we can go straight to those booths.” 
 She pointed at a row of booths 
 with curtains around them.
 “Then what happens?” Leo asked.
 “There’s a computer inside the booth,” said Dad.
 “The computer will record our votes.”

“我怎么知道把票投给谁呢?”利奥问。
“我的父母说你应该读报纸，
看新闻，然后自己做决定。”玛丽回答说。

“How will I know who to vote for?” asked Leo.
 “My parents said you should 
 read the newspaper,
 watch the news, 
 and decide for yourself,” 
 answered Mary.

Can I Vote?

Written by William D. Hicks 
Illustrated by Stephen Marchesi

The Accident 
In 1809, Louis Braille was born in a 
small town in the country of France. 
One day, at the age of three, Louis 
hurt himself. While playing in his 
father’s shoe workshop, he tried to 
make his own pair of shoes.

Louis picked up his father's sharp 
awl and bent over. The awl went 
into Louis's eye. His hurt eye 
became sick.
Before long, the sickness spread to
his second eye. And a short time
later, Louis could not see. He was
blind.

Still, Louis went to school with 
children who could see. But after 
two years, his parents took him out 
of school. They thought that there 
was nothing more for him to learn 
at school. He could not read or write.

As with many other parents of blind
children back then, Louis's parents
thought he would end up on the
street. So they moved Louis from
his small town to the big city. He
was ten years old.

School for the Blind 
Louis’s parents sent him to a school 
for blind boys in the city of Paris, 
France. It was one of the first 
schools for blind people in the 
world. Louis learned many skills 
at this school. 
He learned how to weave branches 
together to make chairs. He learned 
how to sew leather to make slippers.

Louis also learned how to read. He 
felt raised letters on a sheet of paper. 
The paper was pressed against 
copper wires shaped like letters. This
made a raised letter on the paper. 
Blind people could feel these letters.

But the letters were difficult to read. 
Too many letters felt the same. Many
letters had similar shapes. And the
wire used to make these letters had 
to be shaped by people who could
see. It seemed there had to be a
better way for blind people to read.

Night Writing 
Charles Barbier, 
a soldier, invented
a form of night 
writing for France's
army. Night writing
gave soldiers a way to read in the 
dark. Soldiers often hid in the dark. 
They did not want to use a light 
because they did not want to be 
found. Night writing also allowed 
soldiers to send messages to one 
another without using light or 
making a noise.

Night writing used twelve small 
raised dots to form each letter. But
the army decided not to use it. It
was too hard for most soldiers to
learn; so, in 1821, Charles took the
system to Louis's school.

Louis believed a system of raised 
dots could be used to help blind 
people read. He had been trying to 
create a touch system of his own for 
reading and writing. When he tried 
night writing, he knew it was the 
right one. But he also thought that
it was too difficult.

The night writing system did not 
allow fingertips to touch a whole 
letter. The readers had to move their 
finger to feel the whole symbol. 
Night writing also did not include 
periods, question marks, music 
signs, or numbers. Louis asked 
Charles to change his system 
to make it easier. But the soldier 
would not change it.

Louis's Own System 
Over a few years, Louis made a 
shorter, easier form of this touch 
system. He used six dots instead 
of twelve to form each letter. It 
allowed a person's fingertip to feel 
the entire symbol without having 
to move. This difference let blind 
people read much faster and easier.

At age 15, Louis shared this new 
system with his classmates and the 
school. Several years later, Louis 
added a similar dot code for music 
and math. 
Today, we call this form of written 
language Braille. It is named after 
Louis Braille, who helped invent it.

Today, blind people use a stylus 
and a slate to write braille. Dots are
punched on the back of heavy paper 
with a stylus. A slate is used to keep
the dots spaced correctly. Sentences
are written from right to left.

Then
this paper is flipped over, and the
sentences are read left to right.
Braille can also be written using 
a Perkins Brailler, a typewriterlike
machine. Braille gives blind people
a way to both read and write.

A Loved Teacher 
Louis died in 1852. However, before 
his death, Louis had become a 
teacher at the school he attended 
as a child. He was loved by his 
students. His form of written 
communication lives on. Even 
though Louis Braille became blind 
at a young age, he never gave up. 
Instead, he overcame his obstacles, 
which made it possible for blind 
people to read.

A Man of Vision

The Big Day 
Spring has come to the prairie. 
Today, Charlie will go outside for
the first time. Charlie has lived his
first few months below ground. 
Charlie is a black-tailed prairie dog. 
But is he really a dog?
No! Prairie dogs are actually
squirrels, part of the rodent family.

Pioneers named the prairie dog
because they thought the animal's
call sounded like a dog's bark.
Charlie loves his warm, cozy
burrow, but he wants to go outside. 
Lucky Charlie! Today his mother
will take him and his three sisters
above ground. They will learn
about the big world outside.

Welcome to the Prairie 
The “prairie” part of Charlie's name
comes from his habitat. All of the
world's grasslands, or prairies, have
burrowing mammals that create
underground homes. In the United
States, that animal is the prairie dog.

When he is grown, Charlie will
weigh 1.5 to 3 pounds (0.68-1.36 kg). 
Standing on his rear feet, he will be 
about 1 foot tall (30.48 cm). That is
about the size of a large squirrel or
a guinea pig.

There are five types of prairie dog. 
They are the Gunnison’s, blacktailed, 
white-tailed, Mexican, and
Utah prairie dogs. The black-tailed 
are the most common, living on 
lowland prairies.

Home Below Ground 
Charlie's underground home is called 
a coterie (KOH-tur-ee). Each family 
has its own small coterie, a hole that
is made up of small “rooms.” 
Many coteries together make a 
prairie dog colony. One colony can 
spread for hundreds of miles and 
house thousands of dogs!

Charlie and his sisters poke their 
noses outside their burrow. The sun
is so bright compared to the dark
underground. 
But it is wonderful! They climb 
out of their burrow and over the 
mound of dirt at its opening. All 
around them is short prairie grass
and plants.

Charlie's Underground Home 
a) main mound 
b) listening post 
c) toilet 
d) “dry room”
for floods 
e) loop 
f ) ”nursery” for
babies 
g) second entrance

Do You Know? 
One prairie dog colony in western Texas grew to be
100 miles wide and 250 miles long (161 km by 402 km). 
It was estimated that 400 million prairie dogs lived there.

Danger! 
Charlie and his sisters begin to
explore. Before long, a prairie dog's
sharp bark cuts through the air.
“Yee-ipp!” he shouts with a hop.
He has spotted danger!

“Yee-ipp!” Charlie's father replies. 
All of the prairie dogs stand tall,
alert. Even though there is danger,
they stay. The dogs will stay very
still and watch until the danger
goes away.

What might the danger be? Many 
predators hunt prairie dogs. 
Predators include coyotes, bobcats, 
prairie falcons, black-footed ferrets, 
and golden eagles.

Perhaps the biggest danger of all is
humans. Some people think prairie
dogs destroy the land. These
people try to harm prairie dogs by
destroying their homes or killing
them.

Other people believe prairie
dogs are important because their
burrows bring air and water to the
soil. Burrows also provide hiding
places for other animals to escape
predators

Summertime for Charlie 
Not all yips and barks signal
danger. Some yips or barks signal a 
prairie dog is lonely or upset. Now 
Charlie hears more yips and barks 
from the older prairie dogs that 
signal it is safe. The threat is gone. 
Charlie and his sisters like playing 
outside in the sun. They will spend 
most of their summer outside.

As summer turns to fall, they will 
prepare their burrow for winter. 
During winter, they will rarely go 
out into the harsh weather. 
Early next spring, the older females 
will have babies. And in late spring, 
Charlie will be an adult male. He 
will share in the watchdog duties. 
He will probably start a family and
build his own coterie.

A Prairie Dog’s Life

Aesops Fables

Introduction 
Art is all around us. Art is in every
shape, size, and color. Artists can
make art from anything. Some
artists make art with paint or
paper. Others use glass or
clay. Some use a computer. 
Others make art out of 
plants or sand.

Painter 
Some artists are painters. 
 Most
painters use a brush. 
 Others like to
splash 
or spray paint. 
Some like to
drip 
paint instead. 
It’s all painting.

Painters paint on many surfaces. 
Most paint on canvas. Some paint 

on dishes or furniture. Have you 

seen a painted mural? A mural is 

big. It’s painted right on a wall.

Sculptor 
Sculptors carve shapes with sharp 

tools. They might carve wood, 

stone, or ice. Other artists make 

soft sculpture. Soft sculptures are 

shapes made from fabric and yarn.

Some sculptors shape metal. They
pour hot metal into a mold and
let it cool. When they take the
sculpture out, it’s shaped like
the mold.

Potter 
Potters make art with clay. They 
use their hands to shape the clay. 
Potters push on the clay. They
pinch it. They pull it. They make
it into the shape they want.

The clay shape is baked in a very 
hot oven. The heat bakes the clay 

until it’s dry. Baked clay is called 

ceramic. Potters use a special 

ceramic paint called a glaze. The 

glaze makes the ceramic shiny.

Glassblower 
Melted glass is soft, like very thick 

glue.
 A glassblower scoops up a blob 

of hot, 
soft glass with the end of a 

long metal pipe.
 The pipe is hollow, 

like a straw. The artist
 blows air 

through the pipe into the blob of 

glass. 
The air makes a bubble in the 

glass. 
Then the glassblower can 

shape the bubble.
 He or she can 

make it wide, like a bowl, 
 or make
it flat, like a plate.

Glassblowers work 
very quickly. While the 

glass is soft, they can 

change it. They can add 

dots or color. They can 

add a handle. But they have 
to be
careful. When glass cools, 
it gets
hard, and it can break easily.

Fiber Artist 
Art can be made
with thread, yarn,

and pieces of 

fabric.
 It’s called
fiber art. 
Some
fiber artists sew. 

Some make a
quilt for a bed.

Weavers are also fiber 
artists. Weavers loop 

yarns together to 

make art. They use 

a machine called 

a loom. The loom helps them 

put the yarns in the right place. 

Weavers can make beautiful rugs 

or blankets. They can weave a 

soft sculpture to hang on a wall.

Unusual Art 
Some art just looks different to us. 

It isn’t a painting. It isn’t a glass 

bowl. It’s hard to say 

what it is. Artists 

make it from

things they 

found. Maybe

they use pieces 

of wood and old

junk. They might 

use parts of old

toys, too. Some 

artists make

big sculptures 

with sand.

They get to 

work at the

beach all day!

Many artists like to work outside. 
They make art in a park or a garden. 
They use tree branches, rocks, and 
plants to make a design. People can 
come to the park to see it.

An art installation is big. It can be 
a whole room that is a work of art. 

Sometimes, you can walk around 

inside it. The artist fills the room 

with things to look at, touch, and 

hear. The room might have flashing 

lights or big video screens. You 

might hear music or strange sounds. 

You might smell flowers or popcorn.

Where Art Is Found 
Simple drawings are the oldest 

art in the world. Some very old 

drawings are on the walls of caves. 

Other old drawings were scratched 

into rocks. The drawings tell stories 

about something that had happened 

long ago. Art is also found in the 

ruins of very old cities. Scientists 

sometimes find old pottery designs. 

Some ruins have old murals painted 

on the walls

Art is everywhere. Explore your
town to find types of art. Visit an
art museum. You will see many
types of painting and sculpture. 
Go to an art gallery or an art fair. 
Artists want you to see and enjoy
what they make.

Look for art around you. You can 
look for art when you are riding in 
a car. You might see a sculpture in a 
park. You might see a big mural on
a wall.

You can make your own art. Draw
on a sidewalk with chalk. Make
a sculpture with clay, snow, or sand.
Glue pieces of seashells, glass, and
wood on a picture frame. It’s all art!

You can tell a story with art. It can 
help you say how you feel. Art 

can be interesting or funny. It can 

be something that you just like to 

look at.
Look for art. 
You’ll find it all
around you!

Art Around Us

作者：Ned Jensen插图：Ivica Stevanovic

Written by Ned Jensen
 Illustrated by Ivica Stevanovic

金钱问题
每周，布拉德爸爸妈妈给他零花钱。这些钱不是无偿给得。事实上，布拉德自己赚到的。

Money Trouble
 Every week, Brad’s parents gave
him an allowance. They didn’t give
him the money as a gift, though.
 Brad actually earned it.

每天，布拉德负责倒垃圾，饭后檫桌子。喂狗狗，出去遛狗。做这些事情，布拉德每周赚12美元。

Each day, Brad took out the trash
 and cleared the table after dinner.
 He fed the family dog and took him
for walks. For all of this work, Brad
earned $12 each week.

问题是，布拉德花钱的速度似乎和他赚钱速度一样快。爸爸说他口袋就好像有一个洞（指他花钱如流水）.

The problem was, the money Brad
earned seemed to disappear just
as quickly as he earned it. His dad
said that money seemed to “burn
a hole in his pocket.”

布拉德在游戏上花的钱最多。有时，他想和朋友去看电影，或者买一块糖。他的钱似乎永远不够花。

Brad spent his money on video
games more than anything else.
 Sometimes he wanted to go to
the movies with a friend or buy
a candy bar. He never seemed
to have enough money, though.

合理花钱
布拉德要求父母支付更多的钱，但是被拒绝了。他爸爸说如果他想拿到更多的钱，那他要做更多的事情。布拉德不想做更多的事情，因此，他一周靠12美元度过。布拉德爸爸说：“如果你不想做更多事情，我认为你可以做一个预算。”布拉德问：“什么是预算？”

Time for a Budget
 Brad begged his parents for a raise,
 but he didn’t get one. Brad’s dad
said he would only get a raise if he
did more work. Brad didn’t want to
do more work, so he had to get by
on $12 a week.
 “If you don’t want to work more,
 then I think you should create
a budget,” said Brad’s dad.
 “What’s a budget?” asked Brad.

布拉德爸爸解释说，预算就是每周预留一些钱，以备特殊需求。爸爸继续解释：你只在预算范围内花钱。那样的话，你就留有钱去买不同的东西。布拉德说：“听起来是个好主意。”“你可以帮我做一个预算吗？”

Brad’s dad explained that a budget
was a plan to set aside money each
week for certain expenses.
 “You spend only as much as your
budget allows for each type of
expense. That way, you are sure to
have money for the different things
you want,” explained his dad.
 “Sounds like a good idea,” said Brad.
 “Will you help me make one?”

制作预算
那天晚上，布拉德和爸爸妈妈坐在桌子旁边。他们列了一个清单，上面是布拉德有能力支付的东西。这些东西包括零食啦，娱乐活动啦，衣服之类。

Making a Budget
 That night, Brad sat down at the
kitchen table with his parents. They
made a list of the different types
 of things Brad wanted to be able
to buy. The list included categories
such as snacks, entertainment,
and clothing.

布拉德父母说预算就是要预留一部分钱来存起来。他们告诉布拉德每周存一点钱，随着时间的推移，他就可以存到很多的钱。他将来就可以买一些昂贵的东西。

Brad’s parents explained that a
budget should always set aside a
percentage of earnings as savings.
 They told Brad that by saving a
little money each week, he could
save a lot over time. Then he would
be able to buy something expensive
in the future.

妈妈说：“也可以作为你的应急资金。”布拉德一脸迷茫地看着她。她解释说：“应急资金就是在你紧急情况下需要花的钱。”“就像雨伞一样，当下雨的时候，可以保护你不被淋湿。”
他们也说留出一部分钱来帮助别人也很重要。他们提出每周多给三美元，如果他愿意留出2美元用来做慈善。布拉德同意这个慷慨的提议。

“It can also be your rainy day fund,”
 said his mom. Brad gave her a
puzzled look. “A rainy day fund is
there to help out in an emergency,”
she explained. “It’s like an umbrella
that keeps you from getting soaked
if it rains.”
 They also said it was important
 to set aside a little money to help
others. They even offered to raise
his allowance by $3 a week if he
would put aside $2 for charity. Brad
quickly accepted their generous offer.

在预算范围内消费
从那天起，布拉德似乎总是有充足的钱去做他想做的事情。他花钱再也不像流水那般。年尾的时候，他和爸爸妈妈坐下来。他们帮他选一家慈善机构可以接收他存下的104美元。

Spending Within a Budget
 From that day on, Brad always
seemed to have enough money to
do the things he wanted. Money
no longer “burned a hole in his
pocket.” At the end of every year,
 he sat down with his parents. They
helped him choose which charity
 would get the $104 he had set aside.

第一年，他决定把钱捐给城镇的动物庇护所机构。帮助需要帮助的人，布拉德感觉很好。

The first year, he chose to give the
money to the town’s animal shelter.
 Giving money to help those in need
 made Brad feel good.

他用他的部分存款买了一个新的游戏机。这也让他个感觉很棒。

He also used some of his savings to
buy a cool new video game console.
 That made him feel good, too.

Brad Needs a Budget

Introduction 
Have you ever seen a great auk 
(AWK)? These penguin-like birds 
once lived along the coasts from 
Iceland to Florida. But the great 
auk was fiercely hunted for its 
feathers and eggs. The very last 
ones were killed in 1844. Today, 
great auks are extinct. You can only 
see them in pictures, or see their 
skeletons in a museum.

There are many other birds that are 
endangered, or close to becoming 
extinct. We will look at some of 
those birds in this book. We will 
also see some ways that humans 
are trying to save them.

The Kakapo 
The kakapo (ka-ku-po) of New 
Zealand is one of the strangest, and 
rarest, birds in the world. It has 
short wings and cannot fly, but it 
has strong legs to walk through the 
mountains. It looks like an owl, and 
it comes out at
night like an 
owl. But the
kakapo is 
actually a
parrot. Male 
kakapos make
a booming call 
that sounds
like a giant
heartbeat.

Before Europeans came to New 
Zealand, there were few predators, 
or meat-eating animals, on the 
islands. Europeans brought cats, 
rats, and dogs to New Zealand. 
The kakapos had never seen these 
animals, so they didn’t know how 
to defend themselves. And they 
couldn’t fly to escape. The predators
killed so many birds that by the
1950s, the kakapo disappeared.

Then, in 1974, a few males were 
found. But because there were no 
females to lay eggs, kakapos would 
become extinct once the males died. 
In 1980, four females were found. 
Humans moved the kakapos to 
small islands without predators. 
Scientists began breeding the 
kakapos, or helping them reproduce. 
Today, there are 62 kakapos.

The Short-Tailed Albatross 
There were once millions of short-tailed
albatrosses. These beautiful
gull-like birds spend many years
at sea before nesting. All the
short-tailed albatrosses nested on
a few islands around Japan.

About one hundred years ago, 
women loved to wear feathers in 
their hats. Hunters killed thousands 
of albatrosses for their feathers. 
Soon, there were none left on 
the islands. It seemed that the 
short-tailed albatross was extinct.

Years after the last albatross was 
seen, a few were spotted nesting on 
a volcanic island. These albatrosses 
had been at sea while the others 
were killed. They were the last 
short-tailed albatrosses alive. 
Today, the albatrosses’ island is 
protected. The birds are still in 
danger, though. The volcanic 
island might erupt, killing the last
short-tailed albatrosses.

The California Condor 
The California condor is the largest
flying bird in North America. 
For many years, farmers, ranchers, 
and hunters shot and poisoned
these birds.

Do You Know? 
California condors often die of lead poisoning. A
condor eats dead animals, some of which have been shot. 
The condor swallows the lead bullets with the meat. The
condor’s strong stomach absorbs the poisonous lead, 
making the condor sick.

In the 1980s, the last 27 living 
condors were caught. Now 
scientists take condor eggs and 
keep them warm until they hatch. 
Then, they hand-feed the chicks 
using condor puppets. The puppets 
help the chicks learn to live with 
other condors,
instead of with 
humans. Once
the chicks can 
fly, they are
released into
the wild.

The condors are still in danger after 
they are released. Some are shot. 
Others die by hitting power lines. 
Scientists still keep condors in zoos 
and raise chicks by hand. Someday 
all the condors may fly free.

Conclusion 
There are many other endangered 
birds in the world. Most are dying 
out because of human activity. 
But people are now trying to save 
these rare and beautiful animals 
from extinction.

Endangered Birds

I Found a Frog! 
Have you ever seen an unusual 
animal in nature? Did you want to 
learn more about it? Last week I 
saw a really neat frog, and that was 
the start of a wonderful adventure.

What does a frog say when
it sees something great?
Toadly awesome!

I looked for
the frog in a 
book called
a field guide. 
I started
looking 
through the
pictures in the 
book. I was
amazed to 
see all the
different kinds 
of frogs and
toads. It 
turns out
I saw a 
wood frog.

Do You Know? 
There are almost 5,000 kinds of 
frogs and toads. The biggest one is as
big as a dinner plate. One of the smallest
is the Brazilian gold frog. Its real
size is shown here.

I wanted to know
more, so I went 
to the Internet.
Did you know 
that frogs and
toads are relatives of newts and
salamanders? They’re all
amphibians,
which means 
they live part of
their life in water 
and part on land.
Amphibians are
cold-blooded 
animals. They
don’t make their
own body heat. 
They get warmth
from the heat of
the sun.

Life Cycle 
I also learned that most frogs and 
toads lay jelly-covered eggs in 
water. The babies that hatch are 
called tadpoles and look like little 
fish. Tadpoles breathe with gills, 
just like fish, and they live in water. 
But it’s amazing what happens as
they grow!

Their gills disappear, and they 
grow lungs so they can breathe air 
like other land animals. They grow 
legs and then arms. Later, their tail 
shrinks. By the time their tail is gone, 
they move onto land. I saw some 
very cool photos of the life cycle 
of frogs and toads.

About Frogs 
Frogs are famous for their ability 
to leap with their long, strong back 
legs. They leap to catch insects and 
other prey. A frog can catch an 
insect in an instant with its long, 
sticky tongue.

Why are frogs so good at baseball? 
Because they catch a lot of flies.

The eyes and nostrils of a frog are 
on the top of its head. Frogs can see, 
smell, and breathe while they’re 
mostly under water. In fact, they 
breathe through their skin while 
they’re under water!
Frogs can make an
amazing amount 
of noise. Male
frogs sing loudly 
to attract a mate.

Do You Know? 
Male frogs use throat 
pouches to sing. Some 
male frogs have one 
throat pouch, and others
have two.

What has more lives than a cat? 
A frog—it croaks every night.

Do you know the differences 
between frogs and toads? Here's 
what I learned from a book at
the library.

Defense 
I was sad to learn that frogs and 
toads are food for many other 
animals. Bats, snakes, birds, and 
rodents all hunt them. But frogs 
and toads have clever ways to stay 
safe from
animals that 
might try to
eat them.

What happens when 
frogs park illegally? 
They get toad away.

Some frogs and toads, like the 
wood frog I saw, are the same color 
as their habitat. This is called 
blending in. It allows them to hide 
better from predators. 
Some kinds of frogs are so 
poisonous that just touching their 
skin is deadly. These frogs are 
brightly colored to warn predators 
to stay away

Do You Know? 
One golden poison 
frog contains enough 
poison to kill 10 people 
or 20,000 mice. This 
frog is one of the most 
poisonous animals
on Earth.

Some frogs try to trick predators that 
might want to eat them. The tomato 
frog puffs up like a balloon when a 
snake gets near. The snake thinks the 
frog is too big to eat. If the snake 
tries to eat it anyway, the frog leaks 
a liquid like glue from its skin.

Frogs Are Cool! 
Frogs and toads come in many 
shapes, sizes, and colors. You can 
find them in trees, in or near water, 
and on the ground. One thing is 
true about all of them—they’re 
amazing animals. What kinds of 
frogs have you seen?

Why are frogs so happy? 
They eat whatever bugs them.

Frogs and Toads

作者：Karen Mockler插图：Robert Squier

Written by Karen Mockler 
Illustrated by Robert Squier

你好。我是巨人乔治。早上，中午和晚上，我什么都不吃，只吃羊。我觉得羊很恶心，甚至在我的梦中。

Hello. I'm George the Giant. 
Morning, noon, and night, I used to
eat nothing but sheep. I was sick of
sheep, even in my dreams.

一天，在院子外面，我碰见一个滑稽的小人。（他比大多数人都要小。）那时我手中拿着一些豆子。我想开辟一片蔬菜园子。他说：“这些豆子真好看。”我说：“谢谢。”

One day, out in my yard, I met a
funny little man. (He was littler than
most.) I was holding some beans in
my hand at the time. I was thinking
of starting a vegetable garden. 
“Those are some fine-looking beans,”
he said. 
“Thanks,” I said.

这个人说：“如果你给我这些豆子，”“我给你一只特别的鹅。”我问：“她有什么特别之处？”这个人说：“等着看。”

“If you give me those beans,” said the
man, “I'll give you a special goose.”
 “What's so special about her?” I asked.
 “Wait and see,”said the man.

我说：“鹅呀，现在，请发挥你的作用。”鹅只是看着我。我说：“求你啦。”什么也没有。我说：“让我大开眼界吧。”

“Now, Goose,” I said, “do your stuff.” 
The goose just looked at me. 
“Pretty please,” I said. 
Nothing. 
“Razzle-dazzle me,” I said.

我想把她烤了吃。但是在我午睡的时候，她下了3个金蛋。

I thought about roasting her up for
dinner. But during my afternoon
nap, she laid three golden eggs.

我用那些鹅蛋换了一车的面包圈。不用再吃羊了！接下来几个月，我什么都不吃，只吃面包圈。一天，来到厨房吃中饭，我闻到很奇怪的味道。恶臭的，异常的，人类气息的。有些巨人喜欢人的味道。我，从未尝过。我从来都受不了那种气味。

I traded those eggs for a wagonload
of doughnuts. No more sheep for me! 
For months, I ate nothing but
doughnuts. Then one day, coming
into the kitchen for lunch, I smelled a
weird smell. Stinky. Wrong. Human. 
Some giants like the taste of humans. 
Me, I've never tried one. I can never
get past that smell.

我唱起所有巨人在学校学习的歌曲来把人类吓走。“Fee-fi-fo-fum,我闻到了英国人的血腥味。他活着还是死了。我要把他的骨头碾成粉来做面包。

Still, I sang the song all giants learn
in school to scare humans away. 
“Fee-fi-fo-fum, 
I smell the blood of an Englishman! 
Be he alive or be he dead, 
I'll grind his bones to make my bread!”

我坐下来，吃了一些面包圈。然后我打瞌睡，这样鹅就可以下更多的蛋。突然，我闻到一阵人类的气息，我醒来。我看见一个男孩抓着鹅要溜走。我大叫去追他们。

I sat down and ate some doughnuts. 
Then I took my nap so Goose could
lay more eggs. 
Suddenly, I woke to that human
smell. I saw a boy grab Goose and
tiptoe away. I shouted and chased
them.

男孩跳上一根豆秸秆，我之前都没有留意过。他和鹅掉进一片云朵中。我追他们到中途的时候，听到男孩朝他妈妈大喊。要一把斧子。

The boy jumped onto a beanstalk
I'd never noticed before. He and
Goose dropped into a cloud. I was
halfway down after them when I
heard him shout to his mom. 
For an ax.

豆秸秆摇摇欲坠。我从天上掉下来，重重摔倒在地上。噢… 哦… 男孩和他妈妈走上前。我们争吵了一阵。他妈妈看看我，看看鹅，看看男孩---杰克---然后又看回来。我看着我的腿。腿断了。

The beanstalk toppled. I fell from
the sky and landed with a crash. 
Ow-wow-wow-wow. Wow. 
The boy and his mom stepped
forward. We argued a bit. His mom
looked from me to Goose to the
boy—Jack— and back again. I
looked at my leg. It was broken.

杰克妈妈最后说：“我可以治好你的腿。”“但是你要一直待在这，直到治愈为止。”我说：“然后呢？”“我要怎样回到我的城堡中去？”杰克从口袋中掏出一个豆子。这个豆子看起来就像我和那个滑稽小人交易的那样。

“I can fix your leg,” Jack's mom said
at last. “But you'll have to stay
here until it heals.” 
“Then what?” I said. “How do I get
back to my castle?” 
Jack pulled a bean from his pocket. 
It looked just like the ones I traded
to that funny little man.

我无奈地说；“好吧。”第一天晚上，他们不知道给我吃什么。我说：“除了羊之外的任何东西。”“或者面包圈。”事实证明他们没有羊，面包圈或其他东西。于是男孩妈妈把一把豆子扔进锅里。她煮了我从未喝过的最好喝的汤。

“Fine,” I grumbled. 
That first night, they didn't know
what to feed me. 
“Anything but sheep,” I said. “Or
doughnuts.” 
Turns out they didn't have sheep, 
doughnuts, or much else. So the
mom threw a bunch of green beans
in a pot. She cooked up the best
soup I've ever tasted.

接下来6个星期，杰克几乎每天都把鹅蛋带去市场。他带回家很多其他的食物。杰克妈妈每天就煮来吃。我吃了生命中最好吃的饭。

For the next six weeks, Jack took
Goose's eggs to market almost
every day. He brought home a
bunch of different foods. Jack's
mom cooked and cooked. By the
time my leg was healed, I'd had
some of the best meals of my life.

现在我和鹅都回到城堡。但是杰克妈妈教会了我怎样煮饭。当我们来拜访的时候，鹅总是会下一个金蛋。当我们坐下吃饭的时候，我们享受美味的绿豆汤。

Now Goose and I are back at the
castle. But Jack's mom is teaching me
how to cook. When we visit, Goose
always lays them a golden egg. And
when we sit down to dinner, we all
enjoy a bowl of green bean soup.

“但是，乔治，有一点要知道的是，她可以治好你的厌羊症。”他竟然知道我的名字！我确实讨厌羊！我用豆子和那只鹅做交换，回到城堡。我把她放在餐桌上。

“But
know this, George. She'll cure you
of sheep.” 
He knew my name! I'd had it with
sheep! I traded the beans for that
goose and returned to the castle. 
I set her on the kitchen table.

Giant

Shell-Changing Night 
A hermit crab hurries across the 
beach. An empty shell just washed 
in. The shell is a little bigger than 
the one he’s been using. He grabs 
the new shell with his claws. Then 
he pokes his head inside. It's empty. 
He stands on two legs. Then he 
slips his body out of his old shell 
and into the new one. He's in!

What Do Hermit Crabs Look Like? 
Hermit crabs are related to other 
crabs and also to lobsters and shrimp. 
A hermit crab has its own hard outer 
shell, called an exoskeleton. But the 
exoskeleton only covers part of its 
body. A hermit crab wears an old 
seashell to protect its soft parts.

A hermit crab has five pairs of legs. 
The first pair of legs ends in claws. 
The second and third pairs are for 
walking. The fourth and fifth pairs 
are short. The crab uses the little 
back legs to hold onto its shell home.

A hermit crab also has two pairs of
antennae. They help the crab taste
water and find food. 
There are more than eight hundred
different kinds of hermit crabs.
Some are as tiny as a penny. Others
are as big as a softball.

How Do Hermit Crabs Live? 
Hermit crabs live in warm oceans 
all around the world. Some hermit 
crabs live on beaches or in tidal 
pools. Others live in the water. 
All hermit crabs are scavengers. 
They will eat just about any food 
they can find. Seaweed? Love it. 
Dead fish? They’re great. Rotting
wood? Dinner is served.

Hermit crabs are mostly nocturnal, 
which means they move around 
at night. They hide in their shells 
during the day. 
Baby Hermit Crabs 
Hermit crabs start as eggs. The 
eggs hatch in the water, and larvae 
(LAR-vee) float out. The larvae look 
like tiny shrimp. For a few months, 
they grow and change shape. When 
they are big enough, they find an 
empty seashell and join the colony.

As young hermit crabs grow, their 
exoskeletons don’t get any bigger. So 
every year or so, they molt. They get 
rid of their old exoskeleton and grow 
a new one that’s the right size. Hermit 
crabs can live to be thirty years old, 
but most live six to ten years.

Danger! 
Birds, octopuses, fish, and other 
animals will eat hermit crabs if they 
can. If a crab senses danger, it pulls 
into its shell and sits still.

Not Really Hermits 
Hermit crabs got their name by 
mistake. Hermit crabs hide inside 
their shell “homes” when they are 
scared. People thought this meant 
they wanted to live alone, like 
hermits. But these crabs don't 
like to live alone at all. They 
like to live in groups.

Hermit Crabs: Not Easy Pets 
Many pet stores sell hermit crabs. But 
hermit crabs can be tricky to care for. 
The crabs need a moist area. They 
need to be calm. They need places to 
dig. And they need other crabs. Hermit 
crabs that don’t get the right care 
suffer and sometimes die. If you want 
to keep hermit crabs as pets, please 
learn to give them what they need to 
be healthy and happy.

Watch Them Run! 
Hermit crabs look funny when they 
run across the sand. But they do 
more than make us smile. Hermit 
crabs have important jobs to do. 
They keep beaches clean by eating 
dead fish and plants. Seeing hermit 
crabs is usually a sign that a beach 
is healthy.

Hermit Crabs

Introduction
 People started building bicycles in
the 1800s. Since then, bicycles have
 grown more and more popular.
 Today, more than one billion people
around the world ride bicycles.
 The design of bicycles has changed
over time. However, one thing stays
the same: two wheels and a lot of fun!

江家小朋友的学习园地